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Optical Principle of Illumination Utilization

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Structure and function

A searchlight consists of a light source and a reflector, and in its front section it usually contains one or more optical lenses. Light rays are gathered into a beam through a reflector (curved or spherical mirror), then controlled by different positions and combinations of optical lenses, and finally projected.


Searchlights are mainly used for lighting vehicles, film shooting, theatres and buildings or exhibitions.


Searchlight

With the help of a mirror or lens, the emitted light beam is concentrated in a very small solid angle, so that a lamp with a larger light intensity can be obtained. The International Lighting Commission (ILC) stipulates that the searchlight is a projector with a half-peak angle of the beam (the angle between the maximum intensity and the 50% maximum intensity in a plane passing through the maximum intensity) less than 2 degrees. Around 1870, searchlights with carbon arc lamp as light source appeared in the world. In World War II, searchlights were mainly used at night to search for targets for anti-aircraft guns. Modern searchlights are mainly used for ship navigation (such as marine searchlights) and signal signs. Search lamps generally use halogen tungsten lamp as light source, but also ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, metal halide lamp and ultra-high pressure xenon lamp as light source.


type

Ordinary searchlights - A simple box with light sources (often halogen bars) and reflectors (often spherical mirrors).

Mirror Searchlight - The distance between the light source placed in front of a curved mirror and the lens is adjustable.

Lens Search Lamp - The light source is placed in front of the spherical mirror, and the lens is placed in front of the light source (inside flat and outside convex), so it is also called convex lens Search Lamp (PC). Large versions of such searchlights can cause glass breakage due to the thickness of convex lenses. Therefore, the problem can be solved by using a lens with periodically reduced diameter. Such searchlights are called Stufenlinsenscheinwerfer or Fresnellinscheinwerfer by the name of inventor Augustin Jean Fresnel. The lenticular searchlight can adjust the angle of light emission by adjusting the distance between the light source and the lens.

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